This is the story of two horses, who both denied what would have been historic Triple Crown sweeps and were champions themselves. Not only did they share that common bond on the racetrack, they would form a lifelong friendship as stallions, with each sharing the title of oldest living Belmont Stakes winner. ~ Steve Haskin
Belmont Buddies and the Crowns They Denied
By Steve Haskin
Johnny Be Good
It was a turbulent period in America, as the country attempted to bond together amid one crisis after another and a rash of senseless killings. Horse racing reflected the times when the Kentucky Derby winner failed a post-race drug test that prompted one New York newspaper to splash the headline “Derby Winner Drugged.” This could easily have described 2021, but in reality it was 1968, and it was followed by another volatile year in ‘69. But despite the uneasiness in America and the controversy in Kentucky, Thoroughbred racing flourished during those two years thanks to a collection of equine superstars that dominated the headlines seemingly every week.
Never before had racing seen so many exciting stars, from Dr. Fager, Damascus, Dark Mirage, Stage Door Johnny, In Reality, and Gamely in ’68 to Arts and Letters, Majestic Prince, Fort Marcy, Gallant Bloom, Shuvee, and Ta Wee in ’69. Among that group were 10 Hall of Famers.
Let’s begin in 1968, a year of student protests, assassinations, psychedelic drugs, and the Tet Offensive in Vietnam. Americans turned to sports to seek out their heroes, and Thoroughbred racing provided many of them. That is why the last place they expected to see more negative news was the Kentucky Derby.
That year’s Run for the Roses seemed innocent enough with a well-deserved victory by the late-closing Dancer’s Image, winner of the Wood Memorial and Governor’s Cup at Bowie. Unlike today, Dancer’s Image went into the Derby having already run 22 times, winning his first two stakes at Fort Erie and Greenwood in Canada. The son of Native Dancer was riding a three-race winning streak since trainer Lou Cavalaris removed his blinkers following a disappointing sixth-place finish in the Francis Scott Key Stakes and a third-place finish in the Prince George’s Stakes, both at Bowie.
Dancer’s Image’s huge stretch run in the Wood Memorial, in which he ran down two top-class horses, Iron Ruler and Verbatim, established him as one of the favorites for the Kentucky Derby, along with the Florida Derby and Blue Grass Stakes winner Forward Pass, the latest star from Calumet Farm. In both those victories, Forward Pass, who previously romped in the seven-furlong Hibiscus Stakes and narrowly won the Everglades Stakes, won wire-to-wire, and his time of 1:47 4/5 in the Blue Grass missed Round Table’s track and stakes record by only two-fifths of a second.
So, when Dancer’s Image, second choice at 7-2, rallied from dead last in the 14-horse Derby field, storming up the rail to beat 2-1 favorite Forward Pass by 1 1/2 lengths despite jockey Bobby Ussery dropping his whip turning for home, it established the two favorites as the clear-cut leaders of the division.
But that was far from the end of the story of the 1968 Kentucky Derby. As owner Peter Fuller was celebrating the victory that evening, a short distance away in a trailer laboratory near Churchill Downs, urine specimen 3956-U, belonging to Dancer’s Image, revealed a positive test. The culprit was an old nemesis of racing, phenylbutazone, a pain killer distributed under the name Butazolidan and better known as “Bute,” which was banned in Kentucky.
To this day, no one knows how this happened or even if Dancer’s Image’s test really came up positive. Stories have surfaced since about sinister activities and manipulation. A month before the Derby, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated two days prior to Dancer’s Image winning the Governor’s Cup. Following the race, Fuller announced that he was donating the $60,000 winner’s purse to King’s widow, Coretta Scott King.
In Kentucky, Fuller’s goodwill gesture was not taken by many in the spirit it was given. According to the New York Times, Fuller received death threats, and Dancer’s Image was “derided with a racial epithet around Louisville, and one of Fuller’s stables was set on fire.”
Dancer’s Image was disqualified and Forward Pass became the official winner of the Kentucky Derby. Fuller fought the ruling for years at a cost of $250,000 in legal fees, but in the end he had no other recourse but to give up the battle. It didn’t help his cause that Mrs. Gene Markey, owner of Calumet Farm, was putting pressure on the Kentucky Racing Commission to uphold the decision. So, the Dancer’s Image disqualification will forever remain tainted in controversy and mystery.
Ironically, one year after the Dancer’s Image case was closed following a five-year court battle, and at great cost to Fuller, the Kentucky Racing Commission legalized phenylbutazone.
Four days after the 1968 Derby, a race was run at Aqueduct that seemed to have no bearing whatsoever on the Triple Crown, as a striking golden chestnut 3-year-old colt with a white blaze owned by Greentree Stable named Stage Door Johnny broke his maiden in his fourth attempt, romping by six lengths in a sharp 1:35 1/5 for the mile. But it was accomplished under a feathery 114 pounds, eight pounds less than he carried in his three previous starts.
Stage Door Johnny’s trainer, John Gaver, was in the hospital at the time for a foot operation. When his son and assistant, John Gaver Jr., called him and told him about the race, the elder Gaver said without hesitation, “There’s our Belmont horse.”
With the stench of the Derby disqualification still permeating throughout the sport, it was soon time for the Preakness and one of the oddest rematches in the history of the Triple Crown, as Dancer’s Image was back to face Forward Pass.
Forward Pass was made the even-money favorite, with Dancer’s Image 6-5 and no one else in single-digit odds. This time, there was no doubt about the winner, as Forward Pass stalked the battling leaders, Martin’s Jig and Arkansas Derby winner Nodouble, then blew past them and drew off to a six-length victory. Dancer’s Image encountered heavy traffic while rallying in the upper stretch and had to make his own path, bulling his way through Nodouble and Martin’s Jig, soundly bumping the latter. He finished well to be third, just missing second by a head, but amazingly was disqualified again and placed eighth. For Fuller, the Triple Crown, which began in joyous celebration, had turned into a nightmare.
With Forward Pass now the official winner of the Derby and Preakness, everyone began seeing asterisks flashing before their eyes. Was this the way the 20-year-old Triple Crown drought was going to end? Were we going to add Forward Pass’s name to the elite list of Triple Crown winners alongside Citation, Whirlaway, Count Fleet, War Admiral and the other greats of the Turf?
Forward Pass no doubt was a very good horse, never having finished worse than fourth in 19 career starts. But he certainly did not seem to belong with the others in the Triple Crown pantheon, especially having been beaten in the Kentucky Derby. In fact, he barely held on for second, finishing a diminishing neck in front of a 32-1 shot named Francie’s Hat, who would have been the Derby winner in another jump or two.
Unfortunately, there did not appear to be a horse capable of stopping this ignominious chapter of the Triple Crown from being written, especially with Dancer’s Image coming up lame. His right ankle that had given him problems before flared up again prior to the Belmont, resulting in his retirement. He never did receive the credit he most likely deserved for winning the Kentucky Derby. He eventually was sent to stand at stud in Japan, where he died in 1992 at age 27; a dubious footnote in Triple Crown history.
Five days after the Preakness, at the newly opened Belmont Park, which had been shut down from 1962 to ’68 while undergoing renovation, they ran a mile and an eighth allowance race called the Peter Pan purse, which was meant to serve as a possible Belmont Stakes prep for late-developing 3-year-olds. Once again, here was Stage Door Johnny showing up shortly after a controversial Triple Crown race. Sent off as the 2-1 second choice, he caught everyone’s attention this time with his scintillating four-length victory over King Ranch’s hard-knocking and well-bred Draft Card.
With Dancer’s Image out of the picture, it became obvious that only two horses had a shot of stopping Forward Pass’ attempt to infiltrate the illustrious roster of Triple Crown winners – Stage Door Johnny and Withers Stakes winner Call Me Prince, who was coupled with Draft Card, both trained by the great Max Hirsch. Forward Pass was made the even-money favorite, with the Max Hirsch entry 9-5 and Stage Door Johnny 4-1. No one else in the nine-horse field was lower than 21-1.
John Gaver Jr. recalled, “My father was thinking of the Belmont Stakes for Stage Door Johnny after his 2-year-old year, even though he was still a maiden. He had a tremendous amount of ability, although he was very green. When he broke his maiden at 3, he did it the way a good horse should. We felt Forward Pass was the only horse to beat in the Belmont and he had gone through the rigors of the Triple Crown. We had worked hard with Stage Door Johnny over the winter, and he had filled out and developed. After the Peter Pan we were confident.”
Milo Valenzuela, as expected, sent Forward Pass right to the lead. Heliodoro Gustines on Stage Door Johnny was forced to steady early, dropping back to seventh, but he quickly got his colt in the clear and moved him up gradually. Forward Pass, meanwhile, was having his own way on the lead, setting fractions of :48 2/5 and 1:12 2/5. At the half-mile pole, the mile run in 1:37, Forward Pass, tracked all the way by Call Me Prince, maintained a 1 1/2-length lead, as Stage Door Johnny moved into third, a little over three lengths behind Forward Pass.
At the quarter pole, Forward Pass still led by 1 1/2 lengths with Stage Door Johnny now moving into second and the only threat to Forward Pass. This was it; the Triple Crown on the line, just a quarter of a mile away. Could the lightly raced Stage Door Johnny, who had never competed in a stakes race, run down a brilliant and classy Forward Pass and prevent the asterisk of all asterisks from tainting the Triple Crown?
At the eighth pole, Forward Pass clung to a head lead, and it was obvious Stage Door Johnny was the stronger of the two and had the favorite measured. But Forward Pass was not going to go down without a fight. He battled hard that final eighth of a mile, but Stage door Johnny was relentless, winning by 1 1/2 lengths. Although Forward Pass’ final quarter in :25 flat would have won most Belmonts, Stage Door Johnny overpowered him in the final furlong, coming home in a tick under : 24 3/5 to complete the mile and a half in 2:27 1/5, three-fifths of a second off Gallant Man’s track record.
For Greentree, this was their fourth Belmont Stakes victory following Twenty Grand, Shut Out, and Capot. For Stage Door Johnny, the Belmont was only the beginning. By the time he had rattled off subsequent victories in the Saranac Handicap in 1:35 2/5 and the mile and a quarter Dwyer Handicap in 2:01 3/5 under a burdensome 129 pounds, he was being considered a legitimate threat to Dr. Fager and Damascus for Horse of the Year honors. The two future Hall of Famers were coming off a pair of epic battles in the 10-furlong Suburban and Brooklyn Handicaps, in which they carried 130 pounds or higher in each race. Dr. Fager defeated his arch rival in the Suburban, equaling the track record in 1:59 3/5. Damascus then turned the tables in the Brooklyn, breaking Dr. Fager’s short-lived track record by two-fifths of a second. His record time of 1:59 1/5 still stands after more than half a century.
Racing fans were now anticipating another epic showdown at the end of the year, much like the 1967 Woodward between Damascus, Dr. Fager, and Buckpasser. But while training for the Travers Stakes over Greentree’s private track at Saratoga, Stage Door Johnny bowed a tendon and was retired to stud.
No one knows how great Stage Door Johnny could have been and how he would have fared against the mighty Dr. Fager and Damascus. But one thing is for certain, with those two legendary 4-year-olds dominating the sport; the mighty mite Dark Mirage becoming the first filly to sweep the Filly Triple Crown; the opening of the new Belmont Park; and of course the controversial Triple Crown, the year 1968 would go down as one of the most memorable in racing history.
Dethroning the Prince
Then came 1969 and the new year brought a flood of events that would again dominate the headlines, including man walking on the moon, Woodstock, the Manson murders, Chappaquiddick, the continued escalation of the Vietnam war, the New York Mets winning the World Series, and Broadway Joe guaranteeing a Super Bowl victory.
Racing continued to grab its own headlines. For the first time in history the sport had an undefeated horse, the handsome golden chestnut Majestic Prince, attempting to sweep the Triple Crown, something that hadn’t been accomplished in 21 years. Here was a true glamour horse who epitomized the beauty, nobility, and courage of the Thoroughbred. The New York newspapers couldn’t get enough of The Prince. All the while, the foreboding presence of Arts and Letters, the smallish liver chestnut son of Ribot who was a close second in the Derby and Preakness, was lurking in the background.
Racing fans, like those today, wondered if any horse would ever sweep the Triple Crown following the failures of Derby and Preakness winners Carry Back (’61), Northern Dancer (’64), Kauai King (’66), and Forward Pass(’68). In 1963, Chateaugay won the Derby and Belmont, but a one-mile work gone awry likely cost him the Triple Crown. In 1967, Damascus won the Preakness and Belmont, but was uncharacteristically rank in the Derby, which caused his trainer Frank Whiteley to have his own suspicions, especially sensing the colt was not acting like his usual professional self walking to the track.
But despite their repeated disappointments optimists held on to the belief that this time it was going to be different. Majestic Prince looked to be a horse for the ages. But his trainer Johnny Longden felt the colt wasn’t 100% and was beginning to feel the effects of the rigors of the Triple Crown following two hard-fought battles with Arts and Letters. Shortly after the Preakness, Longden shocked everyone by announcing that Majestic Prince might not run in the Belmont. The news filled the entire back page of the New York tabloids. Owner Frank McMahon McMahon backed his trainer, but the pressure to run became too intense and several days before the race he announced The Prince would run, especially after a Sports Illustrated article suggested he was ducking Arts and Letters. Longden was incensed that McMahon had overruled him and the two could be heard in a shouting match at the barn. But the universal thinking was, no Derby and Preakness winner skips the Belmont unless he has a serious injury. That’s like making it to gates of the pantheon and deciding you’ve gone far enough.
When Majestic Prince had shipped to Belmont Park, photographers followed him everywhere. The media couldn’t get enough of this undefeated Hollywood star. A full page photo of the colt walking off the van appeared on the back page of the New York Daily News. Articles on him appeared every day in the New York papers.
A week before the Belmont, the mood began to change after Arts and Letters defeated older horses, including champion Nodouble, in the Metropolitan Handicap, drawing away to a 2 1/2-length victory in a blazing 1:34 for the mile over a dead track under Jean Cruguet, substituting for Braulio Baeza, who had the call on Ogden Phipps’ Vitriolic. Arts and Letters had come from 10th in an 11-horse field, closing his final quarter in a spectacular :23 1/5. You don’t see horses explode like that in the Met Mile against top older horses having just run two grueling races in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness. Many began to suspect that it was Arts and Letters who would be the one who relished the 1 1/2 miles of the Belmont.
Arts and Letters’ trainer, Elliott Burch, had used the Met Mile as a steppingstone to a Belmont victory twice before, with Sword Dancer and Quadrangle, both of whom also had been beaten in the Derby and Preakness.
Burch was amazed at the 15.1 hands Arts and Letters’ resiliency and his ability to bounce back off tough races, especially having run in four major stakes in 36 days. Now he was coming back in a week going a mile and a half.
Only five days after his Met Mile victory and two days before the Belmont, Arts and Letters worked a blistering half-mile in an unheard of :57 3/5, galloping out six furlongs in 1:11. I repeat, two days before the mile and a half Belmont. Burch had no misgivings about the tough schedule, insisting Arts and Letters had an uncanny ability to “train himself” and relax when his work was done. “He was a remarkable horse from day one; the best I ever trained,” Burch said.
So Arts and Letters had romped by 15 lengths in near track-record time in the Blue Grass Stakes nine days before the Kentucky Derby and crushed older horses in the Met Mile after the Preakness. No one would deny that Majestic Prince had to be a very special horse to have beaten the Rokeby Stable colt in the first two legs of the Triple Crown, even if it was only by a neck and a half-length after stretch-long battles.
But now it was the Rokeby Stable colt who began to command the headlines. Support for Arts and Letters had grown since the Met Mile, and predictions of The Prince’s downfall were rampant. With Longden still not having declared the colt a definite starter, a headline in the New York Post read: “Majestic Prince Scared Off by Arts and Letters?”
Security tightened around Majestic Prince’s barn and tension began to build. It was an odd sight seeing assistant trainer Mike Bao, wearing his customary love beads, threaten physical ejection to a Daily Racing Form columnist, to whom Longden had taken exception. Then there was Majestic Prince’s jockey Bill Hartack, who treated reporters as if they had leprosy. The night before the Belmont, Hartack appeared on the Dick Cavett Show and aired his gripes and dislike of the media, much to the delight of Cavett and his audience.
Meanwhile, Arts and Letters was his usual placid self, showing no ill effects of his grueling 3-year-old campaign, which saw him run nine times already, eight of them in major stakes. When a news wire photographer walked in the barn and sheepishly asked Burch if he could take a couple of head shots of the colt in his stall, Burch replied, “Sure, go ahead, but you may have to wake him up to do it.”
On June 7, a record Belmont Stakes crowd of 66,115 turned out to see if this time history would be made. But the Belmont turned out to be an oddly run race. The early pace was so slow the late-running Dike, winner of the Gotham and Wood Memorial and a fast-closing third in the Derby, went for the lead going into the clubhouse turn, much to the shock of the crowd. Baeza and Arts and Letters were right on his heels, but Hartack elected to keep Majestic Prince three to four lengths back through an agonizingly slow three-quarters in 1:16 1/5. When Baeza gunned Arts and Letters to the front nearing the half-mile pole, the race was all but over. The colt drew off to win by 5 1/2 lengths, closing his final quarter in :24 2/5, with Majestic Prince finishing second, never to race again.
“He had a check ligament going into the Belmont that was just not right,” Longden said years later. “It wasn’t real bad, but the horse wasn’t 100%. I was looking forward to racing him as a 4-year-old and I thought it was tough asking him to go a mile and a half when he was not 100%.”
Arts and Letters went on to become America’s newest equine hero, romping in the Jim Dandy by 10 lengths and the Travers Stakes by 6 ½ lengths in a track record-equaling 2:01 3/5, then defeating Nodouble in the Woodward Stakes and Jockey Club Gold Cup, the latter by 14 lengths, to nail down Horse of the Year honors. The following year he was rounding back in form coming off a victory in the Grey Lag Handicap under 128 pounds when he, like Stage Door Johnny, suffered a bowed tendon during the running of the Californian Stakes at Hollywood Park and also was retired to Greentree Stud, where the two Belmont winners became instant buddies.
Bonding in the Bluegrass
The two stallions would remain close friends for the next 26 years until Stage Door Johnny’s death in 1996 at age 31. In their younger days, they would race each other along the fence every day, putting on the brakes just before reaching the gate, kicking up a cloud of dirt. They would quickly look over at each other as if to see who won, then walk back up the hill and come charging back down. They were so close, one would become visibly upset when the other was led to the breeding shed.
When they became too old to race each other they would stand under the same shade tree that separated their paddocks and just keep each other company.
When Gainesway Farm took over the Greentree property in 1989, part of the agreement was that both stallions remain together in adjoining paddocks. When Stage Door Johnny died, he turned over his title as the oldest living Belmont winner to Arts and Letters, who held it until his death two years later at age 32.
Arts and Letters’ two top offspring were Codex, winner of the Preakness, Santa Anita Derby, and Hollywood Derby, and Winter’s Tale, winner of the Marlboro Cup, Brooklyn Handicap, and Suburban Handicap twice.
Stage Door Johnny would go on to become one of the top stamina influences in the United States, his name appearing in the pedigrees of a number of top-class horses. His daughter Never Knock produced Kentucky Derby winner Go For Gin.
John Hay Whitney’s famed Greentree Stud is long gone, as is the memory of Stage Door Johnny and Arts and Letters and their historic victories in the Belmont Stakes. By depriving Forward Pass of the Triple Crown and preventing an eyesore asterisk next to his name, Stage Door Johnny prolonged the drought that was appropriately ended by the legendary Secretariat five years later. By defeating Majestic Prince in the Belmont, Arts and Letters denied the colt the distinction of becoming the first undefeated Triple Crown winner, a feat that would be accomplished eight years later by Seattle Slew.
Many racing fans today might not be familiar with Stage Door Johnny and Arts and Letters and the volatile times in which they raced. But back then, they, along with the other great horses of the late ‘60s, brought fans much-needed moments of comfort and elation and a sense of optimism as we headed into the ‘70s and Thoroughbred racing’s Golden Age.
This year’s Belmont Stakes looks to be an excellent betting race with most of the horses having a legitimate chance to win. Be sure to watch for our upcoming handicapping/analysis column on Thursday morning. ~ SH
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